Keywords: radio network selection, heterogeneous networks, fuzzy logic, MCDM, common radio resource management

Keywords: Bandwidth Enhancement, Printed antenna, Uslot patch.

Keywords-Middleware;Fault Tolerance;Trade-offs; Real time; Replication.

Keywords: Wavelets transform, directions of regularity.

Keywords: flexible aircraft, gust, robust control, flight dynamic, longitudinal aircraft model

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing protocol, Energy consumption minimization, Network lifetime.

Keywords: Cryptography, Combining function, Cryptanalyst, ASCII, KDC, Unconventional number.

Keywords: radio network selection, NGWN, fuzzy logic, AHP, common radio resource management

Keywords: Imagery, Phase shifting, interferometer, laser, roughness.

Keywords: Face Recognition, Feature Points, Distance Ratio

Keywords: angiographic, echocardiograph, voice activation.

Keywords: steganography, image features, AHP, information hiding, image in image.

Keywords: Arabic characters Recognition, Genetic algorithm, Feature extraction, Arabic characters pattern, OCR, AOCR, off-line characters recognition.

Keywords: Fingerprint, Singular Points, Core, Delta, Enhancement, Reliability, Fingerprint Image.

Keywords: skin recognition, skin texture, computer aided disease diagnosis, texture analysis, neural networks, psoriasis.

Salima Nebti, and Abd Ellah Boukerram

Abstract: The work below describes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based approach for learning a multi layer perceptron network in order to solve the handwritten digits recognition problem. Actually, the gradient descent methods are widely used for this aim, since they can provide good results in a reduced time. Unfortunately, they can converge towards local optima. Within this issue, the present paper outlines the hybridization of PSO and neural networks to deal with digits recognition through the use of PSO as an initialization step for gradient backpropagation. The proposed approach has been applied to a variety of handwritten digits with different characteristic features namely the principal component analysis and Gabor features, good quality results have been obtained when compared to a pure PSO based learning method due to the hybridization of global search using PSO and local search using the gradient back-propagation.

Keywords: handwritten digits recognition, artificial neural networks, backpropagation, features extraction.

Djamal Bennouar, and Abberrezak Henni

Abstract: Architecture description languages (ADLs) have been proposed as modeling notations to support architecturebased development. The majority of ADL, through the concept of reusable connector, clearly separate Component Interaction concern from component’s behavior. However communication is not the unique concern that cross cut the component’s behavior, plays against the component reusability, and represents the origin of poor architectures descriptions with highly coupled components. Well know ADL do not provide appropriate support to separate the other crosscutting concerns from component’s behavior. Recent work in software architectures introduced the concept of Aspect Oriented System Design in order to isolate cross cutting concern from the component behavior. Current proposal in Aspect Oriented Software Architecture (AOSA) deals with aspect by extending existing ADL in order to support the new innovative concepts. Such policy has the drawback of hiding and obscuring the semantic of the new aspect concepts by the ADL basic concepts. This paper introduces the SEAL ADL which supports natively aspect orientation. The SEAL ADL deals with aspect at a high level of abstraction, totally independent from any software mechanism usually found in the concept of interface used in existing ADL to connect components.

Jamel Feki, and Ines Ben-Messaoud

Abstract: This paper presents a natural language oriented software tool for the reuse of multidimensional pattern (MP). An MP is a star schema describing a generic solution of typical decisional requirements in a given domain. In order to facilitate the reuse of an MP, we hide its structure by generating two types of natural language queries: Dimension queries and Hierarchy queries. Dimension queries serve to select relevant dimensions in the MP and, hierarchy queries, i.e., queries expressed on dimensional attributes help to decide which analytical levels interest the analysts (i.e., decision-maker). To assist the analysts focusing on the most significant queries, we assign each query a calculated weight representing its importance in the analyses. We present a toolset, called NL-PI that implements our Natural Language Pattern Instantiation method and, we illustrate its functionalities with an example in the commercial domain.

Keywords: Multidimensional pattern, decision support system, data mart construction, natural language instantiation, design reuse.

Assmaa A. Fahad, and  Rasool H. AL-Saadi

Abstract: All computers nowadays allow users to add new hardware to the system, and all operating systems provide different techniques to install device driver for this hardware. NEC touch pad is pointer device designed to work with earlier NEC PC with graphical application programs. Because of his low cost, simplicity of using, and good quality of performance, this touch pad is needed to be reused with modern computers. According to his characteristics the touch pad is connected to the PC parallel ports through a special designed interface connecter. A special device driver is written to define this hardware to windows operating system. NEC touch pad is designed to work with earlier computers as an absolute pointer device only. With designed device driver the touch pad can be configured to work as absolute or relative pointer device.Intel assembly language, visual C++ and the Application Program Interface (API) functions supported by windows operating system are used to write the new touch pad device driver.The touch pad and the written programs are tested as a mouse and as a drawing tool with paint, Microsoft office XP, and Pen Office windows ME application programs and shows a very fast and accepted response time.

Keywords: API: Application Program Interface, VxD: Virtual device driver, DDK: Driver Development Kit, Touch Pad NEC PC-6051 Compatible.

Keywords: Mobile ad hoc networks, reliable multicast, tree-based protocol, local error recovery.

Keywords: group codes, cyclic codes, dual codes, Abelian groups.

Key words: Computer Graphics, 3D visualization, selective refinement and ray tracing, contour detection.

Keywords: MLP Nets, Handwritten Recognition, OCR, over-segmentation, Arabic character recognition

Keywords: ECA, emotion, emotional conversational agent, PECS

Keywords: program specialization, theorem proving, positive/negative examples, folding/unfolding rules, finite-state machine.

Keywords: Mobile robot, Autonomous navigation, Obstacle avoidance, Fuzzy logic.

Keywords: routing comparison; table-driven; ondemand; single path; multipath; mobility

Younes Alfitorey Mousa

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to present the method of decentralized optimal adaptive control, which ensures the dynamic properties of the individual subsystems. These properties are determined by help of the reference model of these subsystems. I show a basic relations and derivations of this model.

Keywords: decentralized contrl, reference model.

Muath Shakir Al-Ubaydi , Ahmed Sultan Al-Hegami, and Taha Al-Rawhani

Abstract: he Internet has today become the main channel to perform the e-business activities, and consequently, most of the products and services have been transformed from physical products/services to digital products/services, and the manner of delivery of such products (eg. Journals, certificates, images, advertising, video… etc) have been converted to the digital way. The ease of copying and transforming digital products generates an intellectual property problem; that means, the copying and transformation of digital products will be achieved without the permission of the owner or publisher. The digital watermarking is introduced to solve this intellectual property problem. Digital watermarking technique has been developed to protect the copyright of digital products (or digital media), such as audio, video, images and the multimedia documents. Copyright protection involves the authentication of ownership and the identification of illegal copies of digital media [7]. In this paper, we propose a copyright protection and fingerprinting scheme that met the main objectives: 1) Minimize the number of the original image blocks when we use the DCT transform in order to increase the speed of embedding process, (treatment of the capacity issue), 2) Raise the level of security by using unique Key to encrypt the watermark, 3) Increase the robustness to compression by JPEG and cropping, and, 4) Identify each image through buyer information (fingerprinting). We tested the proposed scheme and experiment with some common images and found the results quite promising.

Keywords: Digital watermarking, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), encryption/decryption, image copyright protection, fingerprinting, Digital Intellectual Property.

Djamila Mokeddem, Hafida Belbachir, and Redouane Semgouni

Abstract: Boosting method has been shown to be extremely effective at increasing the performance of various learning algorithms, among which decision tree algorithms. The basic idea is to train a sequence of classifiers where the training set chosen at a given time depends on the performance of earlier classifiers, and focusing more on difficult points. Since this sequential aspect will increase considerably the processing time, the method may turn out impractical in cases for which a single training step is already computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a distributed version of boosting method using C4.5 as base classifier. In each round, a local decision tree is built in each site, from only a percentage M of local data set partition. A global classifier based on the k best decision trees is then built, by exchanging local classifiers, and computing necessary information in a master site.

Keywords: Distributed data mining, boosting algorithm, decision trees.

Abstract: With the very important development of computing and storage resources, human-machine interfaces become more and more closer to the natural human interaction. In this paper, we present a vocal calculator based on support vector machine learning and classification. Learning techniques used until now, in this research domain, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are characterized by weak classification rate and learning speed. SVM based classification is a very powerful method which yield good results in many domains such as face and hand writing recognition. The application of such learning method in voice recognition applied on a calculator give very interesting recognition rate.

Keywords: speech recognition, machine learning, Support vector machine

Yousef Abuzir

Abstract: Due to the current availability of a large collection of electronic resources, there is an interest in extracting knowledge and retrieving automatically from these electronic resources. Thus, researchers may miss relevant, even critical, information in parallel or disparate fields, which in turn may lead them to recreate information already developed or to miss important information that could advance each discipline. A Medical thesaurus identifies and clarifies important concepts from these disciplines and standardizes their corresponding terms. This paper reviews the structure, construction and use of Medical thesauri, and outlines how Medical Thesauri may help resolve a number of common difficulties encountered when searching these recourses. The increasing importance of the medical online resources as an information resource make the thesaurus as an aid tool for both professionals and non-experts.

Keywords: Medical thesaurus, Thesauri use, thesaurus construction, indexing, information retrieval.

Keywords: Electronic medical record, Temporal XML, Version management, Schema versioning, XML documents.

Soheyb Ayad, and Okba Kazar

Abstract: The current web services discovery techniques allow search based only on syntactic keywords with human intervention in almost every stage of Web services life cycle. The emergence of semantic web has provided several researchers to use it to cope with the current boundaries of the web services discovery in UDDI to enable the automatic (semantic) Web services search based on their functional capacities (inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects) in their descriptions. The semantic web can be exploited by a set of tools and applications to optimize the current web platform. These tools allow the execution of a complex interaction that follows specific protocols in order to achieve the expected functionality. The implementation of these tools results with the use of multi-agent systems. This paper presents, an agent based architecture to implement a new framework based on the semantic web to make a semantic discovery of functional capacities of Web services.

Keywords: Web Services, MAS, semantic Web, Ontology, Publication, Discovery

Ghassaq S. Mosa , and Abduladhem Abdulkareem Ali

Abstract: In this neural fuzzy Petri net is employed for the recognition for Arabic phonemes. Feature extraction is performed using linear predictive coding. The results from this technique is compared with neural and fuzzy neural system. It is shown that using neural fuzzy petri net gives results better than neural based recognition and lower than fuzzy neural based recognition system.

Keywords: neural fuzzy Petri net; phoneme recognition; speech recognition; Linear predictive coding; pattern recognition; Fuzzy system; Neural networks.

Keywords: Digital divide, infrastructure, internet access, IT literacy, information society, e-government.

Abdoul Rjoub, Samer Khasawneh, and Mutasem Ajlouni

Abstract: In this paper we extensively analyze and evaluate the leakage current power dissipation based on the most popular Header/Footer approaches. Five different Nano- Scale SPICE parameters are used to evaluate each approach in this paper. An efficient approach based on Header/Footer technique to reduce the leakage current and increase the speed operation is proposed. Based on the new approach, it indicates that the SPICE parameters themselves decide rather than designer which approach it should employ (Header, Footer or Header & Footer), in order to achieve best low power reduction and high speed operation, comparison results between the proposed approach with other approaches are measured and analyzed.

Keywords: Footer Approach, Header Approach, Leakage Current, Nanotechnology.

Abduelbaset M. Goweder, Husam M. Elgasair, and Abdurraouf A. Elbibas

Abstract: Punkt (German for period) is a sentence boundary detection system that divides an English text into a list of sentences using an unsupervised algorithm developed by Kiss and Strunk (2006) [6]. This algorithm is basedon the assumption that a large number of ambiguities in the determination of sentence boundaries can be eliminated once abbreviations have been identified. The Punkt system was adapted to support Arabic language. The modified Punkt is trained on Arabic Corpus to build a model for abbreviation words, collocations, and words that start sentences. An evaluation of the performance of the modified Punkt system has revealed that an accuracy rate close to 99% has been achieved for detecting Arabic sentence

boundaries.

Keywords: Internal Periods, Arabic Collocations, Arabic Abbreviations, Dunning's Likelihood Ratio, Arabic Orthography, Frequent Sentence Starter.

Hadya Boufera, and Fatima Bendella

Abstract: Breast cancer represents one of main causes of death among women in the world. Mammography is the best method of screening for breast cancer because it can show lesions in their initial phases. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to classify breast lesions, despite their benignancy or malignancy. The proposed method is based on cognitive multi agent system to take advantage of decision making of cognitive agents, where each agent represents a particular sub-process of the whole of decision. So, we built an architecture based on cognitive decision theories to take human (radiologist) bounded rationality into account.

Keywords: Diagnosis aid; Interpretation; cognitive multi agent system; mammography.

Abstract: The automatic recognition of dialogue act is a task of crucial importance for the processing of natural language dialogue. It is also a challenging task as most often the dialogue act is not expressed directly in a speaker's utterance. This paper presents a dynamic bayesian network model for dialogue act recognition. The model is induced from annotated dialogue corpus via machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, the model is based on a proposed systematic approach to specify its random variables. In this approach, each variable is a binary classifier for exactly one dialogue act and constituted from a set of lexical cues selected using a specific feature selection approaches, called ranking approaches. To evaluate the model, three stages of experiments have been conducted. In the initial stage, the model is constructed using sets of lexical cues selected manually from the dialogue corpus, and evaluated against two baseline models. In the second stage, several ranking approaches are experimented for the selection of sets of lexical cues which constitute the random variables. In the third stage, the model is reconstructed using the random variables generated from the second stage. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approaches for designing dialogue act recognition model.

Keywords: Dynamic Bayesian networks, Dialogue act recognition, Ranking-based feature selection, Lexical cue selection

Ayoub Ahmed Almhab

Abstract: In this research we used remote sensing and GIS technologies in conjunction with Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) for delineation of groundwater potential areas in the arid environment of southern Yemen. The study area consists of the main watershed in the south coastal region (i.e. Wadi Tuban and Wadi Abyan). The water shortage, drought persistency and salinity have made this region survive under sever environmental conditions. Several studies have been carried out to overcome prevailing problems. However, none of these has used the integration of Remote Sensing and GIS. The analytical results show that potential groundwater zones are located in the valleys of the main Wadi with two percent of high to excellent potentiality zones, sixty-four percent of unsuitable zone (this zone extends from the North-East to the South-East) and twenty four percent of very poor potentiality. These numbers shows the limitation of water resources in this region and the effectiveness of the presented methodology for arid land water resources planning. Keywords: DSS, Yemen, ET, AHP, Remote Sensing, GIS.

Ayoub Almhab

Abstract: This study provides an overview of the vegetation index characteristics of the Arabian Peninsula, which is a vast plateau bounded by mountainous terrain. Its main characteristic is aridity, due to low and erratic rainfall, and high temperatures. As a result, productivity of rangelands and agriculture is variable and poor. The interaction of temperature and precipitation gradients leads to a great diversity of climatic conditions, which is evidenced by many distinct agroclimatic zones. The use of remote sensing in relation to determining parameters of the vegetation indices and surface temperature is increasing worldwide. In The Arabian Peninsula, there has been limited success with using remote sensing imagery and GIS to predict ground based normalize vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf area index (LAI) measurements. This study investigates four commonly used vegetation indices, NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI and NDVIc. The NDVI does not correlate well with ground based methods of estimated LAI; (r2 = 0.2127). The NDVIc, which takes into account the mid-infrared band, has shown very promising results; (r2 = 0.942). Future work needs to be done in the Arabian Peninsula to determine the usefulness of remote sensing for vegetation indices as ground based methods of determining vegetation indices parameters is becoming increasing expensive, time consuming and unsafe in many parts of the region. The Arabian Peninsula is perceived as having limited heterogeneity, poor agricultural potential, and has great agroecological diversity. Priority should be given to the regional assessment of crop water requirements with a view to enhancing water use efficiency, and agroecological zoning for biodiversity conservation, and development planning. Underpinning these research goals should be a strengthening of climate monitoring networks.

Keywords: Agroclimatic , Arabia peninsula , MODIS, LAI, NDVI , SAVI, MSAVI and NDVIc.

Fahd Nasir A. Alwesabi, and Ahmed Sultan Al-Hegami

Abstract: Data mining deals with the problem of discovering novel and interesting knowledge from large amount of data. This problem is often performed heuristically when the extraction of patterns is difficult using standard query mechanisms or classical statistical methods. Data mining researchers have studied subjective measures of interestingness to reduce the volume of discovered rules to ultimately improve the overall efficiency of KDD process. In this study, we pushed the novelty measure into a genetic algorithm to form constraints to the algorithm to discover only novel and hence interesting patterns. The proposed approach has a flexible chromosome encoding technique that uses Bayesian theorem where each chromosome corresponds to a classification rule. The proposed approach makes use of a hybrid approach that uses objective and subjective measures to quantify novelty of rules during the discovery process in terms of their deviations from the known rules. We experiment the proposed framework with some public dataset and tested using real life applications. The experimental results are quite promising.

Keywords: Data mining, KDD, Classification, Genetic algorithm, Interestingness, Rule Discovery, Novelty Measures.

Imene Bensalem, and Mohamed-Khireddine Kholladi

Abstract:The way of referring to a place in the geographical space can be formal, based on the spatial coordinates, or informal, which we use in natural language by using toponyms (place names). A toponym can represent several geographical places. This ambiguity made problematic its conversion towards a unique formal representation. Toponym disambiguation in text is the task of assigning a unique location to an ambiguous place name in a given context. Several toponym disambiguation heuristics assume a geographical proximity between the toponyms of the same context. This proximity can be in term of spatial distance or in term of arborsecent relationship, i.e. proximity in the hierarchical tree of the world places. This paper presents a new toponym disambiguation heuristic in text based on the quantification of the arborescent proximity between toponyms. Our method was compared to the state of the art methods using GeoSemCor corpus, and it has outperformed them.

Keywords: Toponym Disambiguation, arborescent relationship, Geographical Density, referent hierarchical path

Ali S. Elbekaie, and Abduelbaset M. Goweder

Abstract: It is possible to generate an SQL schema from XML Schema manually; however automatically generating an SQL schema from XML Schema would generally be very beneficial. This paper presents XML Schema-driven generation architecture components with XSL Stylesheet. In this paper, an algorithm for this type of generation is presented. The inputs of the algorithm are XML Schema and XSL Stylesheet, and the output is an SQL schema. The proposed algorithm shows how this component can automatically be generated. An evaluation of the proposed algorithm is also presented by testing the algorithm with different examples.

Keywords: XML Schema, XQuery, SQL, DOM, XSL Stylesheet

Leila Ouahrani, and Zaia Alimazighi

Abstract: Proportionally with the complexity and the evolutionarily of the organizations and subjacent technologies, the Information System became increasingly complex and evolutionary. In this paper, we propose an agent based model for uniform access to distributed resources of a company where the cooperative information system constitutes the support of any application, allowing various resources, to cooperate to achieve a global task. Our approach is articulated around Resource Agents and Federator Agents of which integration would form a coherent and faithful structure of the company which plays the role of a communication mediator between these agents. To implement our Multi-Agent System we use, as technological framework, the Web Services which make applications possible to expose their functionalities through standardized interfaces using agents (customer, suppliers, and directory). Indeed, a Web Services layer makes the capacities of the Resources Agents accessible through the Web. The interaction protocol is integrated into Federator Agents which implement the group directory.

Keywords: resource, cooperation, resource agent; federator agent; multi-agent system, web services

technologies and will integrate personal, food composition databases and general healthcare knowledge-based, including decision support system to assist in both technical and clinical decision making. It can also become an effective tool to communicate and educate the users in order to improve their understanding of the related diseases. The system will only focus on the management of obesity problems in our society. In future the system can also be applicable to other chronic diseases related to obesity such as diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease.

Keywords: Chronic diseases, mobile-phone, internet, knowledge-based, rule-based, case-based

Suleiman H. Mustafa, and Adel Balout

Abstract: The cellular phone is becoming widely used nowadays, and the use of Short Message Services (SMS) is increasing rapidly. In the existing standard mobile keypad layout, Arabic letters are arranged alphabetically over 8 key buttons. This paper suggests three strategies for improving the traditional keypad layout. The first is based on the idea of reordering letters, the second layout is based on the idea of remapping letters, while the third uses a technique called rolling for which 10 key buttons instead of 8 ones. All the proposed strategies were based on an analysis of the frequency of Arabic letters. The keystrokes per character (KSPC) model and the time model have been used to evaluate the performance of these keypad layouts. The results indicate that the proposed keypad layouts provide some improvement over the traditional layout. However, this improvement was so much apparent in respect to the reordering and remapping approaches.

Keywords: Mobile Phones. Mobile Keypad Layout. Arabic Keypad. Multitap Text Entry, Rolling Text Entry. Predictive Text Entry.

Fatma Achour, and Anis Jedidi

Abstract: Among the four most knowing types of ontology, we can distinguish the domain ontology. Indeed, this type of ontology may exist in different fields. Besides, several methods allow the creation and modification of domain ontology. In this article, we propose a process to update the domain ontology relative to archaeologies and museums. Our proposition consists of three steps: the creation of a sorted list of relevant terms, modification of the ontology by a term selected from the list already created and finally validation of result by the expert.

Keywords: Ontology, semantic web, information retrieval, descriptors, annotation.

Qusai Abuein , Hassan Najadat,  Sana Wedian , and Deya Alzoubi

Abstract: With the increased advancement in technology and the proliferation of internet applications, electronic mails become an increasingly essential means of communication, for both individuals and organizations. In the recent years, however, spam's become the most unsolicited forms of messages that invade the most important services of internet: Electronic mail and search engines. The last decade witnessed a great reaction towards these annoying spam's by applying a variety of filtering techniques to combat spammers, based on the assumption that in any spam mail, there are specific words/patterns that provide indications of spam's, that is, there are predefined barriers that distinguish a spam message from a legitimate one. The most used techniques for spam detection are Bayesian Classifiers that have been argued to be efficient for filtering E-mail spam. However, as spam detection techniques evolve, spammers evolve too so as to prove their excellence to adapt to the predefined barriers. Therefore, content- based recognition techniques must be applied on e-mails to detect spams based on the semantic of their contents. In this paper, we propose a new approach for e-mail spam detection based on kmeans algorithm and the Keyphrase Extraction Algorithm (KEA). Our approach achieves high classification accuracy in the sense that it takes into consideration the semantic nature of the textual contents.

Keywords: E-mail Spam, Keyphrase Extraction, KEA, Semantic Content

Yunus Yusoff, Roslan Ismail, Mohd Zaliman Mohd Yusoff, and Zainuddin Hassan

Abstract: Computer forensics investigation processes are still undergoing development and improvement at different stages throughout the entire computer forensic processes. We are presenting a digital authentication technique derived from an extensive work done in another domain, namely Hadith authentication. It has been observed that there exist a number of similarities between the method to verify the authenticity of a hadith and the method to verify the validity of digital evidence. This paper is a continuation of our previous work to identify those similarities and apply them in the realm of digital forensics. The methods of authenticating the content of hadith and verification of the isnad are extracted and applied into our proposed framework for authenticating digital evidence.

Keywords: Computer forensics, Digital evidence authentication, Hadith authentication

Abdelkrim BOURAMOUL, Mohamed-Khireddine KHOLLADI, and Bich-Liên DOAN

Abstract: Searching for information on the Web engages the user in a process of interrogating and querying the chosen search engine. However, the initial user's query rarely returns a result that satisfies his need for information. The reformulation of the initial query is to modify its terms in order to return a result that better meets the user’s needs. In this paper we propose a contextual query reformulation system that takes user’s context into consideration via his profile, thus we identify the parts of the context to be used to assist in the contextual reformulation and we show how the user’s profiles are used to catch the context, we present also the proposed architecture and the developed prototype.

Keywords: Information Retrieval, query reformulation, dynamic context, static context, user Profiles

Hamed Fawareh, and Jehad Q. Odeh

Abstract: This paper developed a method to predict a protein 3D structure from the amino acid sequence using contact map, the method shows prediction a protein in a binary space of exposure states. The 3D structure of protein can be represented using symmetrical binary matrix C called contact map whose element C (i, j) =1 when the physical distance between amino acid i and j is less than or equal to a pre assigned threshold t.

Contact map used for solvent accessibility predictions. In view of this a direct random coordinate was desired, in terms of the contribution of atomic neighbors in making them exposed to predict a protein 3D structure. Present work aims to prediction of a protein 3D structure from contact map, how the random prediction of an atomic coordinate is affected by the change threshold t in a neighboring residue, or other positions of these residues. In addition, a graphical method of representing a protein 3D structure was developed.

Seïdali REHAB, and Mourad BOUZENADA

Abstract: This article aims to present a proposal for architecture of a flexible collaborative platform in terms of layers based on key concepts of OGSA and its reliable sharing process of resources. The participants of the virtual community can communicate in both synchronous and asynchronous modes using various tools including Agora shared desktop. Indeed, this tool fits well with the virtual classroom and distance learning contexts by offering integrated features such as videoconference, shared desktop, whiteboard and instant messaging. To finalize our architecture, we have exploited the new version of Sakai, which was chosen for its rich features to serve as a model for the order of Web/Grid services. A demo for the co-deployment of a shared Grid Service mounted the flexibility and the effectiveness of this approach in overcoming the problems often encountered in such collaboration: problem of distance, heterogeneous resources, large number of participants, high cost of collaboration, lack of historical, limited collaboration over time and criticisms of profitability and productivity. A demonstration illustrated the flexibility and the effectiveness of our approach.

Keywords: Collaborative environment on the Web, Web Services, Grid Services, OGSA, WSRF, Shared desktop

Mohammad Ayache, Mohamad Khalil, and  Francois Tranquart

Abstract: The aim of our study is to propose an approach for recognition of placental tissues using ultrasound images. This approach is based to the selection of tissues, feature extraction by wavelet transform and recognition of tissues by neural network and especially the multi layer perceptron MLP. The method is tested for ultrasound placental images; resulting in 95% success rate. The proposed approach showed a good recognition for placental tissues and will be useful for detection of the placental anomalies those concerning the premature birth and the intrauterine growth retardation.

Keywords: Placenta, wavelet transform, Neural network, MLP.

Fadi Chakik, Fadi Dornaika, and Ahmad Shahin

Abstract: This paper investigates the mathematical derivation of the Maximum Entropy Principle (MEP) and of Support Vector Machines (SVM) for data-driven classification tasks. The main contribution is the derivation of the conditions for which the solution based on the Maximum Entropy Principle has similar form to that given by SVM for binary classification tasks. These conditions are imposed on the form of the “observables” used by the MEP. It is well known that complex expressions for the observables will make the use of MEP very difficult, even impossible. The established link shows a very interesting property by which the binary classification based on the Maximum Entropy Principle can be solved using equivalent SVMbased optimizations regardless of the complexity of the used observables. Moreover, we give a geometrical interpretation of the formulation given by the MEP.

Keywords: Maximum entropy principle, Margin Decision Rules, Support Vector Machines, binary classification, Bayesian inference, learning from examples

Dr.KHALED S. MAABREH, and Prof. Dr. ALAA Al-HAMAMI

Abstract: There are many situations in which the transaction does not need the whole attributes during its process, so according to the increasing need for data to be available, there must be solutions to make the data available in a reliable way. This research suggested method here is to increase the availability of data, by reducing the size of lockable entities. This can be done by increasing the granularity hierarchy tree one more level down at the attributes to allow several transactions to access the same row simultaneously. The results proved that the suggested level has decreased the user competition for acquiring data items and to increase the performance of the database.

Keywords: Centralized Database, Locking, Attribute Level, Database Deadlock, Performance.

Md. Sadiqul Islam, Mahmudul Hasan Masum, Md. Shariful Islam Bhuyan,

 and Reaz Ahmed

Abstract: The Arabic language is very rich in grammatical declension of Nouns. In classical Arabic 16 noun classes can be found based on their declension patterns. Syntactic modeling of such a rich noun system is a challenging problem and is essential for intelligent and automated processing of Arabic language. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) provides a versatile, multidimensional, constraint-based architecture for supporting syntactic, semantic, morphological and phonological features of a language. However, HPSG does not provide any mechanism for capturing the rich declension phenomena of Arabic nouns. In this paper we analyze the declension system of Arabic nouns and propose a multidimensional type hierarchy along with appropriate features for the attribute-value matrix (AVM). This work effectively extends the capabilities of existing HPSG framework for supporting declension of noun in Arabic.

Keywords: Arabic Declension, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Constraint-Based Grammar.

Zahid Halim, and A. Rauf Baig

Abstract: In today’s technology oriented era computer games have became a major source of entertainment. From the point of view of game developer it has always been a challenging task to develop and write code for games that are both novel and entertaining at the same time On the other hand it is very difficult to quantify the entertainment value of the human player, as the entertainment value is very subjective. The two factors which mainly influence the entertainment value are the type of the game and the contents of the game. In this work we present some quantitative measures of entertainment for two different genres of computer games and apply them as a guide towards the evolution of new entertaining game generation.

Keywords: Computational Intelligence and Games, Automatic Game Creation, Genetic Algorithms, Entertainment, Physical activating games.

Waqar Ahmad, Muhammad Ullah, and Shoaib Bakhtyar

Abstract: The resource constrained nature of WSN impels various challenges in its design and operations hence degrading a WSN’s performance. On the other hand, varying numbers of applications having different constraints in their nature makes it further challenging for such resources constrained networks to attain application expectations. These challenges can be seen at different layer of WSNs starting from physical layer up to application layer. At routing layer, routing protocols are mainly concerned with WSN operation. The presence of these challenges affects the performance of routing protocols resulting in overall WSN performance degradation. In this paper we will identify the performance challenges of WSN and analyze their impact on the performance of routing protocols in a network with fixed nodes.

Keywords: WSN, OLSR, DSR, fixed nodes network, OPNET, Performance Evaluation.

Muhammad Ullah, Waqar Ahmad, and Shoaib Bakhtyar

Abstract: The resource constrained nature of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) impels various challenges in its design and operations hence degrading a WSN’s performance. On the other hand, varying numbers of applications having different constraints in their nature makes it further challenging for such resources constrained networks to attain application expectations. These challenges can be seen at different layer of WSNs starting from physical layer up to application layer. At routing layer, routing protocols are mainly concerned with WSN operation. The presence of these challenges affects the performance of routing protocols resulting in overall WSN performance degradation. In this paper we will identify the performance challenges of WSN and analyze their impact on the performance of routing protocols in a mobile nodes wireless sensor network.

Keywords: WSN, OLSR, DSR, mobile nodes network, OPNET, Performance evaluation.

Shoaib Bakhtyar, Muhammad Asif, and Waqar Ahmad

Abstract: In today’s world the importance of cloud computing cannot be denied. It is due to the availability of cloud computing applications that enables a person to work in a manner that his time, money and resources are used in a smaller number. One such technology that belongs to the cloud computing field is known as collaborative technology. The purpose of collaborative technology is to enable its users to work in groups without the need to be present physically. The user however must have the ability to access the cloud where the task is being performed. There are many collaborative tools available now-adays, of them two important ones are Google docs and ZOHO. These both tools provide the services of an online office however both of them have its own merits and demerits. The authors are going to compare both these collaborative applications with respect to the services being provided by them with a emphasis on the innovative interface features of ZOHO that are either not present in Google Docs or they are less developed.

Keywords: Cloud computing, collaborative technology, Interfaces, Google Docs, ZOHO.

أحمد محمد التهامي، أحمد منصور الصالحي، عمار الزهاري

Abdul Basit Ali Almhafdy, Abdul Malek b. Mohd Nom,

 and Wan Mohd Naim b. Wan Mohd

Abstract: Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS), has been widely applied and been accepted as a powerful and effective tool in detecting urban land use and land cover change, and environmental modeling applications. Urban Heat Island is the air temperature increase relative to non-urban region as well as the physical and radiative properties of the urban environment. It is caused by the release of anthropogenic heat into the atmosphere. The urban heat island may significantly influence by different land use types. This paper has three main objectives that are: ii] to generate the surface temperature map for the study area using remote sensing method. iii) to compare the heat temperature between the remotely sensed data technology and the traditional methods. iv) to analyze effect of urban landscape features (such as buildings, vegetation) on the surface temperature within the study area. Sana 'a City has been selected as the study area. The data sets used in this paper are LANDSAT 7 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Quickbird images. Surface temperature is generated from the LANDSAT satellite image. The Quickbird satellite image is used for overly operation and visual interpretation on the effect of the land use types and fabric properties of the study area. Outcomes from this paper have shown that there is a strong correlation between spectral reflectance of thermal IR of LANDSAT 7 TM image and surface temperature. The temperature derived from the new model obtained from this paper is almost similar to that of other established models such as Markham and Barker's Model. Temperature maps derived from satellite images have shown the differences in surface temperature for different land use, the highest temperature is in hutments areas followed by industrial areas, Educations, residential or commercial areas, vegetated areas, heritage and highland. Convergence and height of buildings cause the shadows most of the daytime which cause the low temperature.

Keywords: GIS, Remote sensing, UHI, temperature map, land use, LANDSAT.

Qasem A. Al-Radaideh, and Mohammad Afif

Abstract: This paper proposes an Arabic text summarization approach based on an aggregate similarity method which is originally proposed for the Korean language text. The proposed approach depends mainly on nouns as indicators of the importance of the sentences. Hence, the noun extraction process is the main process in the proposed approach. To do summarization of a given document, the document is segmented into sentences and then the sentences are tokenized into words. The noun extraction process is performed using fourteen noun extraction rules that are used as indication for the distinction of nouns from other non noun words. In the next step the frequencies for each noun in each sentence and in the whole document are computed and the sentence similarity between the noun frequency in the sentence and the document is calculated using the Inner Product measure. The summation of all similarities of every sentence represents an Aggregate similarity; the sentences that have the highest value of similarity are selected as the summary where the number of sentences that are selected is determined by a user defined threshold value. To evaluate the proposed approach, a dataset of fifty documents is used and the performance of the approach is evaluated using the Recall and Precision measures. The results obtained were 62% for Precision, 70 % for Recall, and 14% for the compression rate. As a conclusion, the result is acceptable according to the nature of the Arabic language which has rich vocabulary and complex grammar rules. Keywords: Arabic Language Processing, Information Retrieval, Text Summarization, Aggregate Similarity.

Dyna Karima AKSA, Mohammed BENMOHAMMED, and  Azeddine BILAMI

Abstract: The challenge of wireless sensor network can be summarized in a collection of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes (10-10000 sensor nodes) which can gather useful information from the environment and communicate together to achieve an assigned task. Therefore; how do we design protocols and architectures to fully utilize the sensor networks potential? To answer this question we have proposed a dynamic virtual infrastructure that can be used to solve different problems that can be found in the sensor network field. The problem of localization is chosen to reveal the efficacy of the virtual infrastructure.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, virtual infrastructure, virtual coordinate system, position, localization.

I. Ben Cheikh, A. Kacem, and A. Belaïd

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel approach for the recognition of a wide vocabulary of Arabic words. Note that there is an essential difference between global and analytic approaches in pattern recognition. While the global approach is limited to reduced vocabulary, the analytic approach succeeds to recognize a wide vocabulary but meets the problems of word segmentation especially for Arabic. We have investigated the use of Arabic linguistic knowledge to improve the recognition of wide Arabic word lexicon. A neural-linguistic approach was proposed to mainly deal with canonical vocabulary of decomposable words derived from tri-consonant healthy roots. The basic idea is to factorize words by their roots and schemes. In this direction, we conceived two neural networks TNN_R and TNN_S to respectively recognize roots and schemes from structural primitives of words. The proposal approach achieved promising results. Enlarging the vocabulary from 1000 to 1700 by 100 words, again confirmed the results without altering the networks stability.

Keywords: Arabic Writing Recognition, Wide Canonical Vocabulary, Neural Networks, Structural Primitives, Linguistic Knowledge Integration

Zakaria Laboudi, and Salim Chikhi

Abstract: Evolving solutions rather than computing them certainly represents a promising programming approach. Evolutionary computation has already been known in computer science since more than 4 decades. More recently, another alternative of evolutionary algorithms was invented: quantum genetic algorithms (QGA). In this paper, we outline the approach of QGA by giving a comparison with conventional genetic algorithm (CGA). Our results have shown that QGA can be a very promising tool for exploring search spaces.

Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Knapsack Problem, Quantum Genetic Algorithm, Quantum Computing.

KHOLLADI Nadjoua Houda, and KAZAR Okba

Abstract: The detection of edges of a digital image is a very delicate treatment, although there are a large number of detectors according to the classical approaches. Each detector has different performance characteristics depending on the image. Some sensors are very effective for one type of images, while other sensors are also very well suited to another type of images that these early types (depending on the choice of filter parameters: noise, lighting, blur image .. etc ....), so lets say that traditional approaches proved these shortcomings that is why the segmentation of the image remains an open problem. The objective of using an edge detection based on MAS (s) to reduce the disadvantages of classical methods, and also to exploit the maximum possible services offered by such an agent: autonomy, the intelligence, the emergence, the various interactions between agents, .... etc, for all that at the end of this stage of the good results and it helps us to take decision in the phase of the interpretation of objects and Recognition In this paper, we propose a MAS which contains a reactive agents and has a three states, the first state is pretreatment which gives the primary primitives to be input in the second state. In it we create the agent by the edges which are obtained in the first state, then many cooperation protocols are defined between these agents in order to join the disconnected contours, finally when we don’t have another linking between the agents, our system pass into the third state which is responsible to make all state of the agents in a passive state.

Keywords: (MAS): Multi Agent-system, Edge Detection, Interpretation of objects Recognition, Segmentation and Digital Image.

Malek Haroud

Abstract: This article addresses the validation of the translation of an SDL specification (Platform independent model) into a concrete implementation model (Platform specific model). We propose a tool with which SDL developers can verify the translation of an abstract reference model with respect to its target code counterpart (cf. figure 1). Without loss of generality, we treated the case where SDL is the source language and C the target implementation language. In order to enable equivalence checking, both abstract and concrete programs need first to be translated into an intermediate form. Once both programs are translated into the intermediate representation, correspondence links are setup between the abstract and the concrete programs thanks to the concept of cutpoints. These correspondence links allow us to subdivide the verification problem into smaller sub-problems. Proofobligations are generated automatically and are discharged using the ICS tool [1] (i.e.; Integrated Canonizer and Solver ICS). Our equivalence checking method was motivated by pragmatics. We insisted therefore to achieve a fully automatic method to check the equivalence systematically at each run of the compiler.

Keywords: Formal verification methods, Translation validation, Code-generators verification

Faten Khalfallah Hammouda, and Abdelsalam Abdelhamid Almarimi

Abstract: This paper proposes a system based on a heuristic lemmatization for Arabic text indexation and classification. This system is not related to any linguistic rule. The proposed method is limited to five different domains: sports, medicine, politics, economics, and agriculture. The main idea is collecting different texts that related to the chosen domains and studying them by extracting the pertinent terms. Every entered text will have the formatting stage in which we can remove some words and letters that do not have any importance for the meaning. After that, the frequencies’ average is calculated to classify the text and its related domain.

Keywords: Natural Language Processing, Indexation, and Classification.

Faten Kharbat, and Haya El-Ghalayini

Abstract: From the fact that ontologies play an important role in sharing knowledge in different domains, we have developed an algorithm that utilities the extracted rules, which are generated from the original dataset, in developing ontology elements. In this paper, the developed algorithm is critically evaluated via set of metrics that have been adopted. In addition, this paper focuses on evaluating the quality of the generated ontology that has been developed using to a well known dataset in the breast cancer domain. The results of this evaluation indicate that the generated domain ontology provides a high degree of accuracy in identifying the substantial domain concepts. The overall conclusion encourages and supports the potential role that this approach can play in providing a suitable starting point for ontology development.

Hewayda M.S. Lotfy, Fayed F. Ghaleb, Ahmed A.A. Kaboudan,

 and Ghada A. K. Gad

Abstract: Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) may be generated either using contours or remote sensing techniques such as RADAR interferometric techniques and SPOT stereopairs interferometer. The output DEM is stored as an image with real values in order to preserve parameters’ accuracy. In order to regenerate the view instantly with different parameters, a quick and optimized method is required. A computation reduction method is proposed to obtain an optimized framework for calculating shadows from DEM. This reduction is made by minimizing the calculations of normal vectors at each image pixel. Furthermore, these calculations are made independent of other calculations. This process leads naturally to the parallel model. Using GPU, the numerical outcome of the framework showed promising results. By using a 2D-mapping for 3D visualization, a time-optimized shading is produced which also improves topographic information.

Keywords: Sensing Image Processing, Shading Algorithms, Parallel Computing Processing, Graphical Processing Unit

Hewayda M.S. Lotfy, Fayed F. Ghaleb, Ahmed A.A. Kaboudan,

and Ghada A. K. Gad

Abstract: Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) may be generated either using contours or remote sensing techniques such as RADAR interferometric techniques and SPOT stereopairs interferometer. The output DEM is stored as an image with real values in order to preserve parameters’ accuracy. In order to regenerate the view instantly with different parameters, a quick and optimized method is required. A computation reduction method is proposed to obtain an optimized framework for calculating shadows from DEM. This reduction is made by minimizing the calculations of normal vectors at each image pixel. Furthermore, these calculations are made independent of other calculations. This process leads naturally to the parallel model. Using GPU, the numerical outcome of the framework showed promising results. By using a 2D-mapping for 3D visualization, a time-optimized shading is produced which also improves topographic information.

Keywords: Sensing Image Processing, Shading Algorithms, Parallel Computing Processing, Graphical Processing Unit

Naseebah Maqtary, Hajar Jahaf, and Adnan Alsaqqaf

Abstract: Digital Watermarking has attracted researchers’ attention because of its useful applications, and over the past two decades, great efforts have been made to develop digital watermarking techniques and algorithms. Most researches use different transform techniques to enhance the robustness and quality of extracted watermark. This paper introduces the digital watermarking with Discrete Pascal Transform (DPT) which gives good results with experiments against various attacks. The attacks that are examined are noise, compression and rotation.

Keywords: Discrete Pascal Transform (DPT), image watermarking, watermarking embedding, watermarking extraction.

Mohammed Odeh

Abstract: This paper introduces new a vision for a universal requirements engineering process, namely the TUREP process model with emphasis on the engineering dimension, but as well being business process driven, architecture centric, role driven, and relating to the activities of quality management, configuration management, system and software cost estimation, project management, and thus integrating with the overall software development process. In addition to other research projects that have been contributing to the evolution of the TUREP, this model is being evolved to establish a universal and integrated framework for the process of requirements engineering.

Keywords: requirements engineering, TUREP, architectural framework, business process modelling, requirements elicitation, analysis, specification, validation, cost estimation, project management, configuration management, quality management